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The IRS recently announced inflation adjustments for the tax year 2026.
2 quick changes:
- Standard deduction
For single taxpayers, the standard deduction rises to $16,100 for 2026, an increase of $350 from 2025.
For married couples filing jointly, the standard deduction rises to $32,200, an increase of $700 from tax year 2025.
- Capital Gains Rates
For single taxpayers, long-term capital gains are taxed at 0% if the taxable income is up to $49,450 ($98,900 for married couples filing jointly). Note: Brackets are based on taxable income, not gross.
Tax planning with capital gains
Using the 0% long-term capital gains rate can be a good way to minimize your tax bill and retire early. For an investment to qualify as long-term, you must hold it for more than a year.
For example, say Bob is single, did fairly well financially in his early years, and decided to retire at 50. He paid off his home and needs $65,000 per year to live on. He sells $65,000 worth of Vanguard ETFs (say $5,000 was the basis he originally bought it for).
Here’s how his tax return would look:
$60,000 of long-term capital gains ($5,000 is the cost basis for your original investment)
-$16,100 standard deduction
= $43,900 taxable income
Since the taxable income is below $49,450, all of this income will be taxed at 0% on the federal level (assuming no other income sources).
Using the 0% tax rate on capital gains could be a great strategy to sustain your early retirement until age 59 ½. Additionally, these brackets are adjusted for inflation each year, so if you need $62,000 due to inflation next year, it will likely match the new brackets.
Importantly, the $15,750 standard deduction amount can come from any income source. In most cases, it’s actually better to utilize something like an IRA withdrawal or pre-tax 401k to “fill” that income.
For example, Bob could use a Section 72(t), series of substantially equal periodic payment, to withdraw $15,750 from his IRA without a 10% penalty. Then, he can withdraw less from a brokerage account to fill the remaining income. However, by using a 72(t) plan, Bob will need to continue withdrawing this amount until age 59.
Note that tax law could change the numbers. While the OBBBA just made the standard permanent, another law could change that. Also, capital gains tax brackets could technically change too.
Additional opportunities to lower future tax
A good friend of mine is going back to school to get his MBA. He did very well financially, so he will live off savings with no income.
This is a perfect opportunity for him to sell stocks in his brokerage account, pay $0 in federal taxes, and immediately buy back the exact same stocks.
Why?
Say he bought 100 shares of VTI 10 years ago for $100 per share. Total cost basis is $10,000. Now, it’s worth $335 per share. If he sells 100 VTI shares, he will have ($355 – $100) * 100 = $25,500 in capital gains.
Now, my friend will pay $0 in federal taxes on these gains and will buy back those same VTI shares for $335 per share.
What this allows him to do is increase the cost basis on those shares from $100 per share to $335 per share, so the next time he sells, his cost basis is much higher (lower capital gains). Note: there is no wash sale on a gain. It only applies to a loss.
This only works if you qualify for the 0% long-term capital gains rate on that initial sale. So, any time you have a low-income year or take extended time off from work, it could be a good time to analyze your portfolio.
Additionally, he can also use Roth conversions instead, but amounts will be smaller if he wants to stay in the 0% tax bracket.
Additional consideration
State Tax
It’s important to take state taxes into consideration. For example, that $25,500 of capital gains could cost $1,275 in state taxes (assuming a 5% tax rate). Generally, it’s not worth to harvest gains if state tax applies. This is because you may lose more by not being able to invest the state tax than you save by avoiding federal tax, especially if you plan it right in the long term.
However, some states have no tax on capital gains. For example, Texas and Florida are among the states with no income income tax (and no capital gains tax)
Increased Income
Sometimes a higher income can reduce available itemized deductions (e.g. medical expense deductions are based on AGI) or impact other credits (e.g the Retirement Savings Credit). It’s important to analyze the full impact based on your unique situation.
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